What affects the magnitude completeness?
The number of events
𝐾: productivity of aftershocks
𝑝: decay rate
c: delay time
Inverse Omori law
but individual sequences rarely display this behavior
“[a sequence] where the number and the magnitude of earthquakes gradually increase with time, and then decreases after a certain period. There is no single predominant principal earthquake” - Mogi (1963)
2012 Brawley,CA swarm
2016 Cahuilla,CA swarm
2018 Pahala,Hawaii swarm
2018 Pahala,Hawaii swarm
Migration distance vs. time
Migration speeds
Similarity to induced seismicity
![bg left:10% w:420](./assets/Utsu1995.png)
### Clustering analysis of earthquakes ![w:1100](./assets/Zaliapin_BenZion_2013.png)
**Aggregating 18 swarms in southen California** ![](./assets/chen2012b.png)